Most cell signals are chemical in nature. For example, prokaryotic organisms have sensors that detect nutrients and help them ...

The immune system is continually surveilling the body—looking for pathogens, xenobiotics, and other non-self signals. The various cell types which constitute the immune system are, thus, incredibly ...

Programmed cell death such as apoptosis is a common stage of cellular life. Nanoclustering/Science Photo Library via Getty Images Living cells work better than dying cells, right? However, this is not ...