Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are ongoing global health burdens. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard measure of kidney function, with clinical estimates ...

A CT urogram is a test that uses a CT scan and a special dye or contrast medium. It allows doctors to diagnose problems such as kidney and bladder stones, certain cancers, and structural ...

Urinary stone is a condition in which deposits that are not properly excreted from the kidneys crystallise in the urinary tract and cause obstruction. It is one of the most common causes of urinary ...