Usually, cost estimation is an experience-based task that includes the evaluation of unknown conditions and complex relationships of factors affecting the cost. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is ...

Introduction Economic evidence on community health worker (CHW) programmes is crucial for scaling these initiatives. Although decision-analytic models (DAMs) are essential for projecting long-term ...

In credit scoring, data often has class-imbalanced problems. However, traditional cost-sensitive learning methods rarely consider the varying costs among samples. Moreover, previous studies have ...

CMS’s proposed GLOBE and GUARD models represent an evolution in the Trump Administration’s approach to international reference pricing. However, their operational differences underscore the ...