Spring technology for damping is relatively old. Stagecoaches had leaf springs, early trains had large, crude, coil-spring buffers (to absorb shocks when cars bumped together) and early automobiles ...

Coil spring force line control is an important aspect of spring design for coil-over-shock suspension type applications, such as MacPherson strut and coil-over-shock trailing arm applications, from ...

As suspension load increases, the wheel travels into the vehicle in an upward arc. Too much travel (from too soft suspension) results in vastly different wheel camber depending on suspension load.

It is said that the leaf-spring suspension is the oldest suspension used for automobiles. The leaf-spring system was used more recently in '70s production cars, some of which are still in service ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Proper size and installation extend the life of gas springs and dampers. Gas springs help lift loads or open doors or ...