Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from engineering, biology, and materials science to develop biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue ...

Traditional-tissue engineering approaches (Panel A) seed cells onto a three-dimensional biomaterial scaffold that serves as a framework for new tissue development (i). The scaffold degrades as new ...

These fields aim to facilitate healing and restore lost function in damaged or diseased tissues and organs by integrating scaffolds, cells, and biological signaling molecules. This combination aims to ...

This review innovatively proposes the use of electrospinning to fabricate electroactive fibrous scaffolds, which mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix while providing electrical activity, ...