The finite difference method is one approach for energy derivative calculations. On a classical computer, calculations based on this method for one-dimensional systems require at least two evaluations ...

The FD= and FDHESSIAN= options specify the use of finite difference approximations of the derivatives. The FD= option specifies that all derivatives are approximated using function evaluations, and ...

Finite difference methods have become a cornerstone in the simulation of seismic wave propagation, providing a robust numerical framework to approximate the differential equations that govern seismic ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Under what circumstances can finite difference approximations serve as substitutes for analytical derivatives in unconstrained optimization?

The FD= and FDHESSIAN= options specify the use of finite difference approximations of the derivatives. The FD= option specifies that all derivatives are approximated using function evaluations, and ...