Degenerative disc disease is when one or more of the discs between the vertebrae of the spinal column deteriorate or break down, leading to pain. There may be weakness, numbness, and pain that ...

Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck pain. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis, ectopic ...

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a multi-factorial process characterized by phenotypic and genotypic changes, which leads to low back pain and disability. Prolonged imbalance between ...

Thus, the disk cells themselves can assume the functions of immune cells and can generate alarm signals, triggering the production of pro-inflammatory proteins with a dual effect: a decrease in the ...