Primary performance data for passive fiber-optic devices is provided by spectral measurement of optical insertion loss (IL) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). Often used to characterize optical ...

In recent years, power semiconductor applications have expanded from industrial and consumer electronics to renewable energy and electric vehicles. Looking to the future, the most promising power ...

Laser power measurement and force metrology are interlinked disciplines dedicated to quantifying the interaction between light and matter. In contemporary research, these fields have evolved from ...

Scientists have developed a nanodevice that can measure the absolute power of microwave radiation down to the femtowatt level at ultra-low temperatures -- a scale trillion times lower than routinely ...

These similar power-measurement ICs tackle the often necessary but energy-consuming task of continuous power measurement and ...

How accuracy is defined in DC programmable power supplies How and why the power supply experiences voltage output errors How to wire test leads and sense leads for accurate measurements When testing ...