Computer programming may seem like magic these days, but most programs are built from conceptual steps that use visual aids to work out how the program needs to flow. Each function of a program can be ...

Trigonometric functions are often used in embedded systems. Motor drivecontrol applications such as the Park Transform, Clarke Transform, andPWMgeneration use trigonometric functions extensively.

Chaotic hash functions represent a cutting‐edge convergence between nonlinear dynamics and cryptographic science. These functions employ chaotic maps—mathematical systems that exhibit extreme ...